Increased proteolysis in the lung air spaces is associated with emphysema and bronchiectasis

Both mainstream and side stream cigarette smoke have been shown to cause heightened platelet activation, adhesion aggregation, and inflammation.Based on the possible clinical implications of altered platelet exposure, the potential effects of e-cigarette extracts on platelet function have also been investigated.Platelet activation and aggregation were increased following exposure to e-liquid aerosol extracts. Platelet adhesion potential for…

The application of theory is widely recognized as a crucial component of behavior change interventions

Participants were excluded from the sample if they had severe cognitive impairment assessed by physicians. This was verified by checking the participant’s medical records. Also, participants seeking follow-up care and those admitted for court-ordered treatment were excluded because they were deemed to have non-active substance use in the last 30 days. This study was approved…

Support from local advocates is key to successful tobacco control policy implementation

Following a successful 2016 ballot initiative that raised the tobacco tax to provide additional funding for the California Tobacco Control Program , CTCP defined its goal as “end[ing] the tobacco epidemic for all population groups” by 2035. This was the first time CTCP had specified an “endgame” goal. There is no agreed-upon policy approach for…

Research using collateral informants indicated that mandated students may under-report alcohol use

Future research should examine process coding in BMIs that do discuss marijuana use to explore possible in-session processes that may be related to changes in marijuana use and can be targeted in future interventions. Similarly, although alcohol and marijuana use share similar predictors , they may differ in their mechanisms of change. For example, the…

Examining cooccurrence in this setting addresses several important gaps in the existing literature

The second study found a cognitive behavioral therapy informed computer game to have comparable effectiveness to in person counseling in reducing depressive symptoms among adolescents. The third study found that adolescents with depressive symptoms who received motivational interviewing from their providers were more likely to participate in a web based cognitive behavioral therapy program designed to prevent worsening…

The olfactory mucosa is composed of the olfactory epithelium and the underlying olfactory neurons

In Denmark, both n-butanol and hydrogen sulfide are used to calibrate panelists, and the Japanese method uses five odorants in its panelist aptitude test . The use of multiple odorant standards may have advantages. Observations from related fields provide insights for environmental odor exposure assessment. Setting odor source minimum-distance setbacks and emission rates did not…

Substance use history of PSU participants was assessed at baseline with a semi-structured interview developed in-house

Furthermore, poorer executive function in abstinent abusers of several substances has been related to the amount of cocaine and cannabis consumed , suggesting clinically relevant consequences of chronic substance use. Despite extensive research into the neurocognitive correlates of substance abuse, only few studies investigated neurocognition in PSU relative to the more extensively studied AUD, and…

Similar concentrations of the compound also increase the frequency of miniature EPSCs in the spinal cord

The regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission may also contribute to the antinociceptive activity of cannabinoid agonists. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, these agents suppress glutamate release from primary sensory afferents. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings in substantia gelatinosa neurons have indeed demonstrated that cannabinoid agonists reduce both the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous EPSCs…

A quantitative summary of the distribution of cannabinoid binding sites in the rat brain has been provided

2-AG may be produced by CA1 pyramidal cells during Schaffer collateral stimulation , and the newly generated endocannabinoid may mediate depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition , if able to diffuse to the nearby GABAergic boutons, or a suppression of excitation . Thus MGL is exquisitely poised to terminate the actions of 2-AG at hippocampal synapses.In a…

Linking biology with socially valued behavioral outcomes can be politically sensitive

The degree to which the genetic associations documented here for AAB are also associated with child or adolescent antisocial behavior is not clear. The results from this study provide an empirical starting point for subsequent developmental analyses to examine these questions. Fifth, there are likely to be aspects of the environment that moderate genetic influences…