After the cleaning process, the seeds underwent a scarification procedure, a critical step in which the seed coat is intentionally exposed or altered. This scarification process is essential to enhance the germination potential of the seeds by aiding in the breaking down of the seed coat barriers, allowing for the absorption of water and other…
The resulting lines have lost some of their domestication traits and re-evolved wild phenotypes
Spontaneous gene flow is known to occur among domesticated, weedy, and wild rice plants, as in many other crop – wild relative systems . Therefore, in this article, we use the case of cultivated rice and weedy rice in China to address this topic. We first describe the cultivated rice – weedy rice study system…
We concentrated on finding the most convincing examples supported by the literature
Knowledge about crop ancestors can illuminate the evolutionary origins of these problematic plants. Because of their economic importance, domesticated plants are often extraordinarily well-studied and well characterized; many are among the best studied plants. Consider this dramatic illustration: Of the hundreds of thousands of described plant species, roughly 1% are domesticated, but of the eight completely…
Metribuzin is a selective and systemic herbicide that controls many broadleaf and some grass weeds
In California, six bio-types of weedy rice have thus far been identified . Infestations of weedy rice cause harvest quality problems, increased production costs, and reduced yield, so an effective method of control is needed . As a result of the continually flooded conditions under which most California rice is produced, the majority of growers…
The invasiveness of ToLCSiV has resulted in the overlapping of the geographic ranges of these viruses
The partial host range of ToYMoV was next investigated by agroinoculation and particle bombardment inoculation of a range of plant species with the infectious ToYMoV clones . In addition to N. benthamiana and tomato, symptomless DNA-A infections were detected in ~38% of agroinoculated pumpkin plants, whereas ToYMoV did not infect the solanaceous species N. tabacum…
Delay irrigation as long as possible to encourage deep rooting of the squash plants
Decisions related to seed depth will vary depending on soil type, seed size, and weather and soil conditions at the time of planting. Because of the challenges associated with planting to moisture,less experienced growers may opt to irrigate up their newly planted squash seed. This practice is effective and will ensure a good stand, but…
Climate change will also impact the other management challenges discussed above
Knowledge is continually developing about how to effectively conduct research and outreach for greater impact. For example, the “co-production” of knowledge between “experts and “users” is especially important in weed research, which is strongly limited by the spatial and temporal scales of its studies . Without practitioner insight, researchers might produce studies with limited relevance to…
Strawberry crops can be produced on clean soilless substrates
California’s coastal districts, where 86% of the nation’s strawberries are produced on 38,600 acres, are the most productive strawberry-growing areas in the United States . To achieve this level of productivity, California strawberry producers need effective soil disinfestation, productive varieties and cultural practices such as polyethylene mulch and drip irrigation . Strawberries are very sensitive…
Distribution of all the brooms in Southern California and the Central Valley is limited by dry conditions
As with site effects, year effects are likely to be a complex array of interacting differences, including differences in rainfall, temperatures, weed challenges and herbivores. Our watering partly offsets the difference between the long-term mean and the rainfall lost during the fall drought of 2011/12, and the result was a priority effect much more similar…
Postemergence herbicides are applied to small germinated seedlings or young plants
It is possible that this nonnative species may eventually become a problematic weed in these more-open wetland areas.The challenge in controlling stinkwort is applying the appropriate management at the proper time. Although traditional methods of control, including mechanical and chemical techniques, can be effective, determining the most appropriate timing has been difficult. If management actions…