Regulations such as Prop 12 also differ in their economic impacts from private standards imposed on farm production practices by downstream buyers such as grocery retailers and food service operators. Such standards were studied by Saitone, Sexton, and Sumner and applied to restrictions on antibiotic use in pork production. The essential economics of private standards include the…
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The activities of urban farms fall naturally under definitions and descriptions of agroecology
These strategies span both short and long-term, from planting in raised beds with imported soil, to building soil health in situ via heavy applications of compost, manure, and cover crops for several years leading up to vegetable crop production. There is a growing interest in using no-till practices, which are among the suite of practices…
The ownership structure of the farms was mostly either family owned or a sole proprietorship
Muller further notes,“if GTM is to serve as a way of knowing, then the knowledge that it produces should be placed in relation to other knowledge”, planting the GTM-variant taken on by HCI and CSCW researchers squarely in the Straussian strain. Indeed, in this study, I use the Corbin and Strauss methodology that encourages searching…
The Life Cycle Impact Assessment phase is where the main analysis of the product system occurs
The word model is a loaded term that can mean a multitude of things depending on the nature of the problem and the application domain. In this dissertation, model refers to a representation model, i.e., one that is a “representation of a selected part of the world ”, as opposed to models that represent sets…
Garden staff responded by connecting those individuals to Long Beach’s homeless services team
Although UA leaders desired to engage more community members, there were restrictions on who could enter UA sites. Most UA sites were only open to a specific population or established hours of operation and procedures for visitors. Gardens and farms had several security measures, such as locked fences, remote-controlled gates, and surveillance cameras. UA leaders…
CCW enables low SES communities to unite for environmental and food justice
Blacks, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Pacific Islanders and some Asian Americans are at increased risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, which can cause premature death . Data shows that many of the census tracts with higher rates of diabetes in Long Beach are also low-income areas, where a significant number of residents are located over…
Adult cull cows from cow-calf operations often go to slaughter directly at the end of their productive life
This is concordant with several archaeological indicators showing long-term increases in population density in the Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone Age, including increased small-game exploitation, greater pressure on easily collected prey species like tortoises and shellfish, and more intense hunting of dangerous prey species. We further note that much of the literature pointing to sudden…
The Silva reference database was used for sequence alignment and taxonomic assignment
We sought to create as diverse of a starting inoculum as possible, and thus we sampled from multiple fields that had different tomato genotypes and different surrounding plants, as microbes from surrounding plants are known to contribute to colonization of the phyllosphere. Tomato genotypes sampled for inoculum preparation included Beef-eaters, Romas, Lucky Tiger, Red Cherry,…
We found that the number of passages on tomato plants strongly shaped microbial community diversity
From the original inoculum sample, we identified ten Operational Taxonomic Units using linear discriminant analysis effect-size analysis that were significantly associated with particular genotypes in P1 and P2. We compared their presence/absence at the end of P4 to those OTUs that were not found to be associated with genotype. Interestingly, those OTUs that were significantly associated with…
Seedlings can be grown for up to three weeks in entirely aseptic conditions on water agar plates
The labor category does not appear clearly on the chart because of the low need for labor hours since the indoor facility is highly automated.In both DSP scenarios, facility-dependent costs have the highest cost impact. Insurance, local taxes, and other overhead expenses are estimated to be 1%, 2%, and 5% of the section’s DFC, respectively. Maintenance…