While numerous studies have examined the genetics of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, opioid, and cocaine use disorders, relatively few studies have assessed the genetics of methamphetamine dependence . A genome-wide association study of methamphetamine dependence in a sample from Asia found significant associations between a diagnosis of methamphetamine dependence and single nucleotide polymorphisms clustered in genes for cell…
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How Is Vertical Farming Sustainable
Vertical farming is considered sustainable due to several key factors: Overall, the sustainable practices and technological advancements in vertical farming make it a promising solution to address the environmental challenges associated with conventional agriculture. It offers efficient resource utilization, reduced water and chemical usage, localized food production, and increased resilience in food systems, contributing to…
All variables were eligible to remain in the model based on results from collinearity diagnostics
Unfortunately, the authors were unable to test such associations because no such parenting variables were measured. Also, participants in this study are at risk for an adverse health outcome, as defined by an LTBI diagnosis. To our knowledge, no published literature suggests a link between increased participation in risk behaviors of the variety studied here…
The Clean Water Act is the primary federal law regulating water quality and water pollution in the United States
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and California Medical Waste Management Act regulate the disposal of unused pharma ceuticals by hospitals and other large-scale generators of pharmaceutical waste. And finally, the Endangered Species Act and California Endangered Species Act seek to protect marine species that are especially vulnerable to extinction from harmful pollutants contained in POTW…
The total PCC is the sum of per capita consumption of each beverage type
Data on the %ABV of specific wine brand and varietal were obtained from Washington State Liquor Control Board Price Lists for the years 2003 – 2012. As WSLB did not produce these price lists after the privatization of alcohol sales in 2012, we used the Liquor Control Board of Ontario’s website to identify %ABV. In the…
Recruiting a representative sample of pregnant high-risk participants for a longitudinal study is challenging
Specifically, calculating the percentage of comments from participants related to specific themes allowed the research team to ensure that themes discussed in the current paper were saturated or were discussed frequently in focus group/individual interviews. Therefore, relying on percent of comments strengthens demonstration of saturation in the current study. Further, the majority of qualitative data…
The RPI assesses an individual’s ability to resist peer pressure
The second goal of this study was to determine whether adolescents would report a greater likelihood to engage in behaviors endorsed by an attractive opposite-sex peer than their original independent report. We hypothesized that 1) adolescents who demonstrated an increased ventral striatal response to peer feedback would be more susceptible to experimentally manipulated peer influence;…
They are also more likely to use alcohol and tobacco more frequently than other substances
This includes individuals who are sensitive to reward prediction errors , those who have a preference for immediate rather than delayed rewards , who are impulsive , and adolescents . Adolescence can be considered an intersection in development where opportunities to engage in risky behavior, such as substance use, is met with a heightened sensitivity…
Psychosis risk assessment does not end with the completion of the SIPS or CAARMS
This represents a typical case seen at the Prodrome Assessment, Research and Treatment clinic in the Department of Psychiatry at The University of California, San Francisco. Along with obtaining a description of the adolescent’s symptoms in her own words, a key goal of the assessment is to evaluate presenting symptoms across dimensions of onset, duration, frequency,…
First-order cross-lagged effects were included as free parameters
Due to the unequal time points between Week 16 and Week 26, we allowed for a free autoregression between these last time points.Lastly, initial models indicated large standardized residual covariances associated with the drinks per drinking day at Week 4. Due to the smoking quit date occurring at the start of the active medication phase, it is…