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That many participants also increased unhealthy eating and decreased exercise underscores findings from a recent Brazilian study, which found that increased unhealthy behaviors were associated with loneliness, sadness, and anxiety, particularly for young people. Notably, proportions reporting increased drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, and vaping nicotine were lower than proportions reporting increased cannabis use. That finding…

Although adverse health effects of vaping THC cartridges have been found to include abdominal pain, nausea, chest pain, shortness of breath, and acute respiratory distress,they have not to date been fatal. In contrast, sudden deaths and hospitalizations from EVALI were linked to a compound called vitamin E acetate , the chemically stable esterified form of…

The present study addresses this gap by using the Tobacco Attitudes and Beliefs Survey II to investigate the relationship between marijuana use and PPR use among current cigarette smokers. This study examines 1) the likelihood of PPR use by marijuana use and 2) the frequency of marijuana use and current PPR use. Findings may help elucidate whether…

First and most straight forward is the cost of compliance with security measured including video surveillance and archival, disposal and quarantine, and other compliance costs that we estimated were equivalent to $4.88 per pound for small labs, $4.06 per pound for large labs and $3.25 per pound for large labs for a weighted average of…

The relationship between phase and correlation is shown more clearly in the bottom plots, where cos is in pink and correlation is in black. From viewing these sliding window time courses, it can be seen that phase offsets between the BOLD time courses approach 180 degrees during the post-dose section, and appear to be responsible for…

Given Chapter 1’s findings that patient registration is significantly responsive to changes in application fees and evidence that youth consumption of addictive goods is more price-elastic than adult consumption,11 this policy could maximize cannabis access for older adults while minimizing spillovers to youths. Increasing entry costs for younger adult users may have beneficial multiplier effects…

There are some limitations to this dataset. Firstly, the public-use NSDUH data is only available in two-year averages; thus the registration rate data may not correspond exactly with the marijuana outcome data, leading to a loss of precision for these estimates.Secondly, the NSDUH measures of substance use are self-reported. If individuals are more likely to…

There are three important distinctions between California’s initiative and the earlier medical marijuana statues discussed in section 1.2.1. First, since the law stated that patients needed a doctor’s “recommendation” — not “prescription” — for medicinal marijuana, physicians did not need to violate federal law to qualify their patients.Second, unlike the state medical marijuana initiatives of…

To our knowledge, no prior studies have examined how frequently related policies co-occur, a necessary step to lay the foundation for rigorous analytic solutions. For researchers aiming to estimate individual policy effects, guidance is needed on how to evaluate whether the impacts of policy co-occurrence on estimation are likely to undermine the study. In some…

A voltage-controlled oscillator, where the oscillation frequency changes as a function of the control voltage, then creates the output clock. Through negative feedback, the control signal forces the output clock phase to be aligned with the input clock phase, resulting in zero phase error.Like the PLL, a DLL can also provide an accurate timing relationship…