The study was approved by the Loma Linda University Institutional Review Board.The most common symptoms reported in our study were cough, shortness of breath, and vomiting, each occurring separately in five patients. Three patients presented with chest pain. Two patients presented with altered mental status in the form of unresponsiveness, with one patient requiring intubation.…
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Similar findings were also reported in genetic mouse models of diabetic nephropathy
Hepatitis C and HIV risk are often examined at the same time; yet, we could not estimate HIV risk due to low base rates. Limitations should be noted. Our SMI sample was comprised of patients with bipolar or schizophrenia, and did not include certain psychiatric disorders sometimes regarded as SMI, such as major depression. While…
Neurotransmission is influenced by activity in receptors for adrenal and gonadal hormones
Changes in tissue morphometry are attributable to synaptic proliferation and pruning as well as myelination. Diminutions in gray matter density and concomitant brain growth in dorsal parietal and frontal regions suggest an interplay between regressive and progressive changes , and the coupling of these neurobiological processes is associated with increasingly economical neural activity .The increasing divergences…
Even less exists on associations between policies and smoking behavior within and across smoking trajectories
The identification of distinct trajectories of smoking behavior, which arise from different determinants, offers a more accurate way of describing and understanding behavior and makes it possible to design interventions for specific groups instead of assuming that interventions have comparable effects across the entire population. This is similar to the market segmentation that the tobacco…
All survey measures in this study were self-reported and are subject to bias
More than half of young people with past-month nicotine vaping reported purchasing vaping products at a retail location, including vape/smoke/head shops that are restricted to adults in some cities. To our knowledge, this study was the first to examine associations between city-level tobacco retail policy and individual young people’s e-cigarette risk perceptions. We proposed that…
Study limitations include small sample sizes of some subgroups which limits statistical power
Some PLWH also face HIV related stigma which can perpetuate disparities driven by race, gender, or sexuality leading to intersectional disadvantages. Intersectionality theory suggests that multiple social identities can intersect in a way that reflects multiple social structural disadvantages . Applied to emotional health, for example, PLWH who are also gay or bisexual may be at a higher risk…
A binary variable indicated whether the period was pre- or post-policy
While the use of ACHS to capture the outcomes of all arrests in the state is a strength of this study, ACHS also faces the quality challenges typical of large administrative datasets, as CA DOJ must rely upon consistent and timely reporting from 58 counties. Though courts and law enforcement agencies are mandated to report…
Canada insisted that dairy be largely outside that bilateral free trade regime
Imports of some products, notably casein and milk protein concentrates are outside the TRQ regime. The U.S. dairy industry has proposed imposing new trade barriers to limit imports of these products, but such proposed legislation is still pending and would require some accommodation with WTO trading partners. Current trade negotiations, initiated with the Doha Round,…
Measurement of these variables will be important for future studies
Participants were asked how often they experience symptoms of GAD including worry, restlessness, irritability and others, with responses scored from 0 to 21. In the WIHS, collection of GAD-7 data only began in October 2013. GAD-7 data were therefore only available for approximately 75% of the women participating in our study. The internal consistency of…
Higher values indicate a more schizoid personality style and high levels of mental distress
To sum, maladaptation is the outcome of a combination of risks, such as psychological trauma, personality features, and lack of support. Trauma impacts personality development and increases the likelihood for inner fragmentation and feelings of emptiness that pose risk factors for ensuing substance problems and isolation. By accommodating the main psychoanalytic concepts under investigation into…