A study by Jenkin et al.revealed a role of CB2 receptor activation in reducing the progression of obesity-related kidney dysfunction by decreasing proteinuria, creatinine clearance, and renal fibrotic markers. In contrast, ZDF rats treated with a CB1 inverse agonist showed improved renal structure and function.Surprisingly, these rats also displayed a marked increase in body weight…
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Changes in tissue morphometry are attributable to synaptic proliferation and pruning as well as myelination
Decreases in AD may be attributable to developing axon collaterals, whereas increases may reflect growth in axon diameter, processes which are both likely to occur during adolescence. Technical and demographic differences such as imaging parameters, inter-scan intervals, age range, and gender ratios may account for divergent findings. Both grey matter volume decreases and FA increases…
The dot-probe task measures attentional biases toward or away from threatening stimuli
During standard prenatal care, pregnant women are screened for frequency of substance use in the year before pregnancy and during pregnancy via a self-administered questionnaire at the first prenatal visit . Our study sample included all pregnant women aged 11 years and older who completed the self-administered questions about use of alcohol and nicotine in…
Scientific analysis of a rope sample can provide clues to link a suspect to a crime
To identify whether e- and conventional-cigarette use status differentiates level of substance problems among substance ever-users, a supplementary analysis of the three substance problem outcomes was conducted that limited each analysis to ever-users of the respective substance using the same GLMM analytic strategy and covariates as the primary analyses with a continuous outcome distribution specified.…
DTSA provides age-specific measures for the effects associated with predictive variables
Insurance coverage may alter the volume of hospital visits for other conditions, during which additional drug-related diagnoses may also be identified and captured as secondary diagnoses. We aggregated visits by month, gender-age, and race/ethnicity. Rate denominators came from the American Community Survey’s five-year 2015 population estimates broken down by age group, gender, and race/ethnicity .…
The incidence of smoking was higher in their study compared with the current study
None of the other PGs or HCs had a history of substance use disorder. Furthermore, subjects were excluded if they were currently following psychiatric treatment, using medication, or drank more than four alcoholic beverages daily. All gamblers qualified as PGs because they met five or more DSM-IV-TR criteria for pathological gambling and were otherwise healthy. Of…
Biomedical research has also marginalized and underrepresented communities of color
Marijuana policies are rapidly evolving in the United States, however, previous marijuana laws disproportionately targeted communities of color before legalization, and many policy makers argue that new policies are not being developed with the input of minority stakeholders. There is an obligation on the part of researchers, especially in the context of trauma and marijuana use,…
All reviewed studies except included alcohol as one of the examined substances
Severity is important because it provides a level of specificity about the injury which determines management of care. Additionally, TBI severity can yield valuable insight about proximal and distal outcomes. It seems reasonable that it would be an important measure to include when examining the relationship between TBI and all included variables. Additional tools, such…
Recidivism may be driven by technical violations of probation or parole rather than new criminal offenses
There is a bidirectional relationship between homelessness and incarceration. After incarceration, people have an increased rate of homelessness, and incarceration leads to increased housing vulnerability due to loss of housing during incarceration, decreased eligibility for employment and public housing, and disrupted community ties.The average age of single adults experiencing homelessness in the US has increased; the…
A second limitation is that we only included one measure of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure
Augmenting the understanding of the temporal experience of emotion by including other measures, such as a behavioral measure of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, is an important next step . This study extends our understanding of one aspect of the emotion deficits observed in schizophrenia — deficits in anticipatory pleasure — to those early in the…