Antiretroviral therapy use was assessed via self-report at every visit in the WIHS and MACS and a binary variable was used to denote any ART use at every study visit. Plasma HIV viral load was measured using standard laboratory techniques and was classified as suppressed if the viral load was less than 200 copies/mL and unsuppressed if…
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Variables that did not meet this criterion were categorized using biologically sensible cut points
With the daily influx of newborn calves, changes in incidence may be observed within months of implementation of the prevention or control program. Dairies in California differ in many ways from dairies in other parts of the United States. For example, the average dairy herd size for California in 2016 was 1,249 milking cows, with…
A potential solution to antibiotic overuse in agriculture is the promotion of probiotics
For 430 dph fish transferred from the ocean net pen back to the land based facility, both air diffusers and the water column were the largest microbial sources to the gill and skin microbiomes . For the 430 dph net pen reared fish, gill, and skin samples were primarily colonized by microbes from unknown sources…
Medicinal marijuana users had worse mental and physical health functioning compared to non-users at baseline
Although some adults can use marijuana without harm , marijuana users with comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as depression, are at increased risk of experiencing poor symptom and functional outcomes . Yet the degree to which medical or non-medical marijuana use may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes in depression is less clear. Comorbidity of depression and…
Data on long term trends and patterns of marijuana use among HIV+ individuals have also been scarce
The memory loss could be either short-term, long-term, or both. However, most patients experience short-term memory loss. According to Campbell and Blieden’s documentary film Super High Me, the experiment designed by Dr. Mitch Earleywire was created to see what effects medical marijuana has on memory, cognitive ability, and psychic ability . The subject, Doug Benson,…
ART use was dichotomized as use of any ART since the last study visit versus no therapy used
The classification of child-appealing was informed by laws in other states and constructed with authors’ own understanding, which may not reflect California lawmakers’ intention or completely align with recently released new regulations. Further, there might be inevitable measurement errors even after two field workers discussed and resolved discrepancies between them. Lastly, this study only gathered data…
Marijuana is consistently the most widely used illicit drug among adolescents
Additional studies are needed to explore the relationship between marijuana use, alcohol consumption, and inflammation, as well as potential lifestyle modifications to mitigate molecular/epigenetic damage and long-term health risks. Te large study sample and longitudinal nature of CARDIA allowed us to obtain repeated methylation levels and marijuana data, enabling us to explore the association of…
Associations between religiosity and alcohol use may also differ between bisexual and lesbian women
Although religiosity has been found to be protective against hazardous alcohol and drug use in the general population , findings regarding this relationship are mixed in studies with sexual minorities . Understanding factors that may protect against hazardous alcohol and marijuana use is important in the context of persistent sexual identity-related disparities in substance use…
It may be that MDD places individuals at risk for marijuana problems via a similar mechanism
We examined the variance inflation factors for each model to ensure that the degree of multi-collinearity was low. We further incorporated spatial dependence in multilevel logistic regressions to account for potential between-neighborhood correlations. We first constructed the rate of inpatient stays involved with OUD per 1000 population, the rate of inpatient stays involved with opioid overdose…
Marijuana use often co-occurs with mental health problems
Since California has progressive tobacco control policies and recent legalization of marijuana, data on co-use of tobacco and marijuana among AYA in this state would provide evidence from a unique regulatory environment that is likely to represent where the rest of the country may be headed. Using three school-based convenience samples of California AYA ,…